A Contraction-Driven Cosmological Model Without Expansion, Dark Energy, or Inflation

Abstract

We propose a unified contraction-based cosmological framework in which the multiverse undergoes an exponential, isotropic decrease of scale governed by a universal geometric rate C. All physical quantities with dimensions of length, time, and energy density evolve proportionally with the contraction factor R(t), making global contraction locally unobservable to internal observers whose instruments shrink synchronously. By synthesising ideas from Expanding Spacetime Theory, Scale Relativity, Infinite Universe Theory and Lorentz-invariant Newtonian metric cosmology, we obtain a non-singular and scale-covariant description of cosmic dynamics. The framework provides natural explanations for redshift, Type Ia supernova dimming, cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature evolution, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), gravitational lensing, galaxy rotation curves, and the Hubble tension without invoking dark energy, inflation, or dark matter halos. Time emerges as a logarithmic measure of cumulative contraction, and radiation is reinterpreted as oscillatory perturbations within the contracting geometric medium. This contraction paradigm offers a coherent theoretical and observational alternative to the standard ΛCDM model.