Decentralized Hydro-Solar-Wind "Riverine Energy Webs" with Intelligent Energy Sharing Across Borders

Abstract

This paper proposes a decentralized approach to renewable energy through "Riverine Energy Webs" along the Manas River and its tributaries, offering an alternative to traditional centralized infrastructure. These modular networks combine micro-hydropower, floating solar arrays, and vertical-axis wind turbines, adapted to the riverine environment to form self-sufficient, localized energy hubs. An intelligent, ledger-based coordination platform enables secure and transparent cross-border energy exchange between India and Bhutan. The system allocates resources dynamically based on live demand and supply metrics, supporting equitable distribution, regional cooperation, and reduced dependency on external energy control. With minimal environmental impact and strong local participation, this model prioritizes marginalized communities and holds global scalability for similar transboundary river systems such as the Mekong, Nile, and Amazon-offering solutions for energy poverty and ecological resilience.