Examination of Putra Mosque's Visual and Architectural Cohesion: Engineering Design's Effect on Spatial and Functional Experience

Abstract

Modern Islamic architecture like Malaysia's Putra Mosque combines traditional design with modern engineering, giving tourists and worshippers a unique spatial and psychological experience. This study evaluates the mosque's visual and architectural harmony and how engineering design affects space functioning, visual comfort, and user experience. Analytical descriptive methods are used to assess engineering distribution using Google Earth satellite imagery, structured questionnaires to gather visitor and doctoral student perceptions of spatial attributes, and systematic field observations to document visual-functional interactions. The relationships between architectural integration and user responses were examined using SPSS and Excel. Harmonious visual and architectural integration improves circulation between indoor and outdoor spaces, fosters harmony between natural and built elements, and increases spatial comfort through plentiful natural light, broad spaces, and gorgeous lake views, according to research. Soft colour palettes and natural features like water and wind boost mental and visual well-being. The study recommends integrating indoor and outdoor spaces, using more natural materials and lighting, and strengthening transitional zones to build sustainable, practical, and visually harmonious environments. These findings help architects, engineers, and urban planners merge beauty, utility, and sustainability in modern mosques.